The Resource
Knowing some of the fundamentals of mapping and GIS will help you use geospatial technology effectively and appropriately. This introductory chapter of the VCGI Intro to GIS and GPS training manual covers the fundamentals without going into too much detail.
The Technology
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is digital mapping and analysis of geospatial data. GIS powers both online mapping and desktop mapping software.
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Fundamentals of Mapping and GIS